Electron Holography

Electron holography is a very powerful technique which uses the phase information in the electron image to study fundamental physics of matter at the micrometer to nanometer scale, or even to Ångstrom scale. A few years ago, successful examples of electron holography included confirmation of Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect and direct visualization of magnetic fields not only outside but also inside of magnetic materials. Since then, fields of application of electron holography have expanded from solid state physics to materials science and the biological sciences, and new techniques have been invented including real-time holography and computed tomography of the reconstructed phase image. Containing contributions from electron holography experts, this book is therefore a unique review of recent developments and future prospects, presented by the innovators in this field. The chapters cover a wide area of application fields and new techniques; magnetic fluxes (vortices) in superconductors, magnetic domains, magnetic and electric microfields, and p-n junctions, catalysts, biological filaments, fine particles, and fullerenes for materials applications. Chapters are also included on digital recording and processing, real-time electron holography, computed tomography and STEM holography.